PX3 Performance Research
Physiological Effects of Wearing Athletic Mouth Pieces While Performing Various Exercises
Military Medicine, Volume 183, Issue suppl_1, March-April 2018, Pages 510–515,
Michael F Zupan, USAFA, BSC (Ret.), Dyana L Bullinger, MS, Brenda Buffington, EdD, Caroline Koch, BS, Samantha Parker, BS, Steve Fragleasso, BS, Taylor Fogg, Shay Rasmussen-Woerner, BS
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate physiological responses associated with exercise using two different mouthpieces compared with not using a mouthpiece. Improved performance while using the PX3 Bite Regulator (PX3) may significantly reduce the risk of concussions by allowing an athlete to better prepare, react, absorb, and/or avoid impact completely compared with the restricted breathing or mandibular instability that occurs when using mouthguards. Twenty-three subjects completed a battery of five physiological tests; the 1.5-mile run, sit and reach, anaerobic endurance, leg press, and bench press. Each test battery was completed under three conditions: wearing a PX3, wearing a mouthguard, or no mouthpiece respectfully.
The PX3 resulted in significantly faster 1.5-mile run times (667.4 ± 9.4 vs. 684.9 ± 9.2 vs. 679 ± 7.9 s, p ≤ 0.05) and significantly longer anaerobic endurance runs (311 ± 23 vs. 283 ± 18 vs. 286 ± 18yds, p ≤ 0.05) compared with the mouthguard and no mouthpiece. The leg press lifts (51.8 ± 4.1 vs. 46.0 ± 4.3, p ≤ 0.05) while wearing the PX3 were significantly greater than when wearing a mouthguard. There were improvements, but no significant differences for sit and reach (16.8 ± 0.8 vs. 15.9 ± 0.8 vs. 16.4 ± 0.8 in., p = 0.73) and bench press (17.7 ± 1.8 vs. 17.2 ± 1.6 vs. 17.2 ± 1.7 lifts, p = 0.94). The increased performance with the PX3 could be a result of better jaw alignment and/or decreased resistance to airflow.
13% increase in strength
9% increase in endurance
5% increase in speed
PX3 Concussion Research
Concussion Risk and Severity Associated With a Pre-Season Multi-Modal Neurologic Training Program among Elite Male Ice Hockey Players
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 35(3):p 400-405, May 2025.​​
Maryam Butt, PhD,* Sean P. Dukelow, MD, PhD,*,t David Smith, PhD,# Jalena Bertagnolli, MSc,‡ Theo Versteegh, PhD,§ Matt Jordan, PhD,1 Kelly Drager, MSc,‡ Michael Tolentino, MD,Il Natasha Kutlesa, PhD,‡ Debbie Luk, BSc,** Jonathan Charest, PhD,tt Charles Samuels, MD,tt John Ralston, PhD,‡‡, Brad Layzell, BSc,§§ Stephen H. Scott, PhD, 91 and Brian W. Benson, MD, PhD****​​​​​
​
Objective:
To determine if the risk of concussion and its severity differs between male ice hockey players associated with a pre-season training program.
Study Design:
Prospective cohort study (2022-2024).
​
Intervention:
The IG completed a two-month pre-season multi-modal training program alongside their usual training, while CG followed their usual pre-season training. The IG program encompassed dynamic vision, dynamic neck strength, neuromuscular and cardiovascular training, custom performance mouthwear, psychological counseling (if indicated), and sleep performance eyewear and mouthwear (if indicated).
​
Outcome Measures:
Athlete participation exposure (practices and games) throughout the season was calculated for each cohort. Poisson regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for concussion differences between IG and CG, adjusting for age, competition level (AA vs AAA), and concussion history. Linear regression was used to compare the average time loss due to concussion between the IG and CG and model fitted to identify potential predictors.
Results:
Twenty-four athletes were diagnosed with a concussion (IG: 1, CG: 23). Players in the IG were found to be at significantly lower risk of concussion compared to those in CG (IRR = 0.029, 95% CI: 0.001-0.661, P = 0.026). Previous history of concussion was a significant predictor of increased risk (IRR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.47-2.83). Concussion severity (average time loss in days) was not significantly different between cohorts (IG: 12.0 days, CG: 11.7 days). However, older athletes (2.99 days, 95% CI: 0.31-5.66) and higher level of competition (4.48 days, 95% CI: 0.82-8.15) were significant predictors of time loss (P < 0.05).
​
Conclusion:
Controlling for athlete participation, age, and competition level, results of this study suggest completion of a two-month multi-modal neurologic training program reduces the risk of concussion by approximately 3-fold for elite male ice hockey players compared with those who did not. Time loss from concussion did not differ significantly between cohorts, however, older age and a higher competition level predicted greater time loss.
PX3 Sleep
Research
PX3 Initial Clinical Observation
PX3 is a fully customized Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD), clinically grounded in one of the most well-researched categories of oral appliance therapy for sleep-disordered breathing. Numerous peer-reviewed studies and meta-analyses, including a landmark analysis of over 77 randomized controlled trials, have demonstrated that custom MADs significantly reduce the frequency of sleep-disordered breathing events and improve daytime alertness in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
​
In large-scale clinical studies, custom oral repositioning appliances have been shown to reduce sleep apnea severity in the majority of patients, with over 9 in 10 patients experiencing measurable improvement in one recent multicenter study. Long-term research confirms these benefits are sustained over time, with patients reporting significant reductions in daytime fatigue and disrupted sleep.
​
While CPAP therapy remains a leading option for patients with OSA, oral appliance therapy including custom MADs like PX3 is widely recognized as an effective alternative for those unable to tolerate CPAP or seeking non-surgical, non-pharmacological solutions. Before deciding on any treatment options, consult a qualified medical or dental professional.
An update on mandibular advancement devices for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (2018)
A Multicenter Prospective Study on the Use of a Mandibular Advancement Device in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023)
Long-term efficacy of mandibular advancement devices in the treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023)